Equity and Adequacy in Alabama Schools and Districts

Prepared for the Alabama State Department of Education in 2015

The Alabama State Department of Education (ALSDE) contracted with Augenblick, Palaich, and Associates (APA) to conduct a series of studies regarding elementary and secondary education financing in Alabama. These studies included:

1. a review of the current state funding system;

2. an equity study;

3. a study using the successful schools approach to adequacy; and

4. a study using the professional judgment approach to adequacy.

The analysis compares Alabama’s structure with other Southern states, revealing that while Alabama spends somewhat less per student than the broader region, disparities across districts are relatively low and spending generally reflects district needs and wealth. Using multiple methods, including successful-district benchmarks and professional judgment panels, the study identifies the resources required (personnel, instructional materials, technology, and district-level support) to meet state standards. It concludes that Alabama’s current funding system, though moderately equitable, may fall short of providing all districts the financial foundation necessary for students to succeed, and recommends a revised funding formula that better aligns state support with student needs and cost realities.